Bhaktivedanta VedaBase: Śrīmad Bhāgavatam 1.2.23
sattvam rajas tama iti prakrter gunās tair
yuktah parah puruṣa eka ihāsya dhatte
sthity-ādaye hari-viriñci-hareti samjñāh
śreyāmsi tatra khalu sattva-tanor nrnām syuh
SYNONYMS
sattvam — goodness; rajah — passion; tamah — the darkness of ignorance; iti — thus; prakrteh — of the material nature; gunāh — qualities; taih — by them; yuktah — associated with; parah — transcendental; purusah — the personality; ekah — one; iha asya — of this material world; dhatte — accepts; sthiti-ādaye — for the matter of creation, maintenance and destruction, etc.; hari — Visnu, the Personality of Godhead; viriñci — Brahmā; hara — Lord Śiva; iti — thus; samjñāh — different features; śreyāmsi — ultimate benefit; tatra — therein; khalu — of course; sattva — goodness; tanoh — form; nrnām — of the human being; syuh — derived.
TRANSLATION
The transcendental Personality of Godhead is indirectly associated with the three modes of material nature, namely passion, goodness and ignorance, and just for the material world's creation, maintenance and destruction He accepts the three qualitative forms of Brahmā, Visnu and Śiva. Of these three, all human beings can derive ultimate benefit from Visnu, the form of the quality of goodness.
PURPORT
That Lord Śrī Krsna, by His plenary parts, should be rendered devotional service, as explained above, is confirmed by this statement. Lord Śrī Krsna and all His plenary parts are visnu-tattva, or the Lordship of Godhead. From Śrī Krsna, the next manifestation is Baladeva. From Baladeva is Sańkarsana, from Sańkarsana is Nārāyana, from Nārāyana there is the second Sańkarsana, and from this Sańkarsana the Visnu purusa-avatāras. The Visnu or the Deity of the quality of goodness in the material world is the purusa-avatāra known as Ksīrodakaśāyī Visnu or Paramātmā. Brahmā is the deity of rajas (passion), and Śiva of ignorance. They are the three departmental heads of the three qualities of this material world. Creation is made possible by the goodness of Visnu, and when it requires to be destroyed, Lord Śiva does it by the tāndavanrtya. The materialists and the foolish human beings worship Brahmā and Śiva respectively. But the pure transcendentalists worship the form of goodness, Visnu, in His various forms. Visnu is manifested by His millions and billions of integrated forms and separated forms. The integrated forms are called Godhead, and the separated forms are called the living entities or the jīvas. Both the jīvas and Godhead have their original spiritual forms. Jīvas are sometimes subjected to the control of material energy, but the Visnu forms are always controllers of this energy. When Visnu, the Personality of Godhead, appears in the material world, He comes to deliver the conditioned living beings who are under the material energy. Such living beings appear in the material world with intentions of being lords, and thus they become entrapped by the three modes of nature. As such, the living entities have to change their material coverings for undergoing different terms of imprisonment. The prison house of the material world is created by Brahmā under instruction of the Personality of Godhead, and at the conclusion of a kalpa the whole thing is destroyed by Śiva. But as far as maintenance of the prison house is concerned, it is done by Visnu, as much as the state prison house is maintained by the state. Anyone, therefore, who wishes to get out of this prison house of material existence, which is full of miseries like repetition of birth, death, disease and old age, must please Lord Visnu for such liberation. Lord Visnu is worshiped by devotional service only, and if anyone has to continue prison life in the material world, he may ask for relative facilities for temporary relief from the different demigods like Śiva, Brahmā, Indra and Varuna. No demigod, however, can release the imprisoned living being from the conditioned life of material existence. This can be done only by Viṣṇu. Therefore, the ultimate benefit may be derived from Visnu, the Personality of Godhead.
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